Monday 23 April 2012

Morocco: Walking tall in the Rif Mountains

The last town I visit is perfect. Chefchaouen's blue-rinsed medina walls are calming and beautiful, with washes from robin's egg to deep ocean. A self-proclaimed capital of wool, water and hashish, this northwestern town is hugged by the brilliant Rif mountains, casting a permanent shade of tranquillity over quietly proud locals.
There are few things as soul-nurturing as solo hiking, so I wake up on the first day of the year with a plan - to go and stay alone. I head north around Jebel El Kelaa, passing lambs and Youssef and parties of Rif Berber women dressed brightly, all with traditional red and white-striped cloths tied around their waists. They greet me animatedly, expressing surprise that I am alone - I nod when they hold up a single finger. The older women suggest I tuck my scarf around my chilly ears before they beckon me to follow them, but I shake my head, smiling away any lack of understanding.
I carry on for hours, with the company of shepherd boys wheeling tyres down a road and Berber men tilling their fields, chanting motivation (Aisha!) to their donkeys. I am offered shouts of Ola! and Akchour? - a nearby pot-producing village.
I keep setting end points for myself only to reach these and see a little more of the vista that is rolling hills breaking into a green valley; it's all too much to consider turning back.
As I round a corner to gaze upon the heart of the blossoming valley, I am summoned persistently by a matriarch on a particularly prime piece of land, basking in the low afternoon sun. I am beckoned to sit; containers of olives are opened, gestures are made for me to help myself to a large vegetable tagine, fresh bread and sweet mint tea. I eat as she speaks, her eyes so penetrating and intelligent that I think this is the first time I've ever seen eyes. Her words are ethereal and whipped in space; so completely other to the Berber I've heard. I try to understand but fail absolutely, managing only to communicate between mouthfuls that yes, I am alone, "solo".
I am devastated that I understand nothing of what she has to say, but then again, I'm not either. I am laughed at for taking a photograph of their donkeys.
Steep, rusted grey cliff faces and a 70-year-old woman with an entire dead tree on her back keep me going, even though I am now unsure of whether or not to turn back in light of the approaching cool evening.
A man not older than 21 walks towards me in red wellingtons. Before I can salute, he purposefully puts down the two large bags he's carrying and sticks out his hand to shake mine. His face has the kindness of someone who's never been hurt and, as we stumble through any language that isn't our first, I feel a sincere friendship that can really only occur through haphazard, misunderstood meetings on mountain roads. I ask advice, he sighs with confusion, speaks, slaps his leg, pauses with helplessness, offers me food. As I tear off a piece of bread, he explains that his family lives over yonder mountains. We end our conversation with another handshake and a grin I may not ever forget.
I go against his advice (probably) and carry on down the road that is at once snaking far down into the valley. I am torn. I need to see what's down there, but the threat of cold is quite real. I stop. I stand. I think. I go. I stop. I stand. I go back. I stop. I decide that the answer will come to me.
I wait a minute before a construction truck - the only vehicle I have seen the entire six hours of walking - rumbles around the bend. Waving the droopy, ruddy-faced driver down, I ask which way is best to get back to Chefchaouen. He gestures for me to get in. I jog around and climb up to sit next to another passenger, Ridouan, who smokes a cigarette, incurious. I can't pronounce the driver's name. I offer mine but it seems of no consequence. We manoeuvre the large truck around narrow, tight corners listening to jangly tunes - one in particular, over and over - off the broken mp3 player. Our mutual understanding, again, falls far too short, and as a team, we would have failed. Any sort of team, it wouldn't matter. But we make good spectators. Ridouan points out bunnies in neighbouring fields. I point out mountains and birds. The driver points out ladies in the bush. I am offered coffee, water, cigarettes, a jacket, and when I compliment his driving, the driver very sincerely offers me the wheel.
We rumble right up onto cliff faces, passing a group of Spaniards abseiling down the rock, until we reach a café where the truck is replenished with building material. I sit sipping my coffee, surveying birds of prey circling a peak; Ridouan sits with a large group of male friends at another table. The driver drags a chair next to me - I am inwardly pleased - and, with a smile and an espresso, slaps down his cigarettes, rolling paper and a hunk of hash the size of a grown man's thumb.
When we leave, the truck rumbles back the way we came. Bummer. I deal with it as soon as that lovely tune plays over the intermittent speakers for the eighth time. Like a lullaby. We drive the roads I walked, stopping to swap some stories with a farmer. We divert and dump the building material while a group of men look on - one young, squint beauty of a boy in particular stares me down. I am again foiled, and we turn around and head back down the narrow, bumpy roads for the second time; past my lunch spot, past the cliffs, past the café. It's about now that the driver tells me he isn't going to Chef at all but to Tetouan. There might be mention that if I marry him this could all change - and I am intrigued - but I accept a drop-off at a main-road junction. He seems none too perplexed. I have just enough time to pee behind a café wall before catching a grand taxi (an old Mercedes that only leaves when packed with seven people) to Chefchaouen.
I return to my backpackers just as the sun is well and truly setting, through child-shrieking streets smelling of chocolate and cinnamon, bliss and winter pinching my cheeks and a swell of humanity that surpasses any fatigue I may feel.

Monday 9 April 2012

Morocco Profile

Map of Morocco
The Kingdom of Morocco is the most westerly of the North African countries known as the Maghreb.
Strategically situated with both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines, but with a rugged mountainous interior, it stayed independent for centuries while developing a rich culture blended from Arab, Berber, European and African influences.
Morocco was a French protectorate from 1912 to 1956, when Sultan Mohammed became king. He was succeeded in 1961 by his son, Hassan II, who ruled for 38 years. He played a prominent role in the search for peace in the Middle East, given the large number of Israelis of Moroccan origin, but was criticised for suppressing domestic opposition.
A truth commission set up to investigate human rights violations during Hassan's reign has confirmed nearly 10,000 cases, ranging from death in detention to forced exile.
Tiles in Marrakesh A former capital, Marrakesh is famed for its architecture
After his death in 1999 Hassan was succeeded by his son, who became King Mohammed VI and was seen as a moderniser. Mohammed VI introduced some economic and social liberalisation, and in 2011 he revised the constitution in response to "Arab Spring"-style protests. However, the monarch still retains considerable power and can veto most government decisions.
Morocco has expressed interest in becoming a member of the European Union, its main trade partner, but there appears to be little enthusiasm for this within the bloc.
To the south, the status of Western Sahara remains unresolved. Morocco annexed the territory in 1975 and a guerrilla war with Algerian-backed pro-independence forces ended in 1991. UN efforts have failed to break the political deadlock.
To the north, a dispute with Spain in 2002 over the tiny island of Perejil revived the issue of the sovereignty of Melilla and Ceuta. The small enclaves on the Mediterranean coast are surrounded by Morocco and have been administered by Madrid for centuries.
Morocco has been given the status of non-Nato ally by Washington, which has praised its support for the US-led war on terror. After deadly suicide bombings in Casablanca in 2003, Morocco launched a crackdown on suspected Islamic militants.

Preserved lemons-a Moroccan staple

One of the most used ingredient in Moroccan cuisine is the preserved lemon. It is very easy to make. Here's the recipe:
You will need:
-3, 4 lemons 
-salt 
-water 
-cinnamon sticks
-bay leaves 
-black pepper corns
Slice each lemon in four, but not   all the way through. Hold the lemon open and add salt. 


Take a jar, ad some salt at the bottom, and then place the lemons in it and ad more salt. 
Press the lemons down to release their juices and to make room for the remaining lemons 




Ad the cinnamon sticks and the bay leaves and finally pour water. Close the jar and store it in a dark place for 5, 6 weeks. After opening the jar store it in the fridge. 



Tuesday 3 April 2012

The Majorelle Garden

The Majorelle Garden is a botanical garden in Marrakech, Morocco, which was designed by the  French artist Jacques Majorelle in 1924. Since 1980 the garden has been owned by Yves Saint-Laurent and Pierre Bergé.









The Morocco Mall in Casablanca

Spread over 10 hectares, the Morocco Mall in Casablanca is the largest shopping center in Nord-Africa. The Aksal Group which is 100% Moroccan owned, has invested over 2 billion dirhams (200M Euros) in the complex which will open Octomber 20, 2011. The exterior is adorned with a number of skylights, open gardens, trees and water areas. 


Casablanca is  the largest city in Morocco as well as its main port. It is the biggest city in the Maghreb (Algeria - Tunisia - Libya). The latest census recorded a population of almost 5,000,000 in the metropole of Casablanca. The city is considered the economic and business heart of Morocco; Casablanca hosts headquarters and main industrial facilities for the leading Moroccan and multi-national companies based in Morocco.

The Regions of Morocco

The Kingdom of Morocco is divided into 16 regions. Each region is governed by a Wali which is nominated by the King. 


Oued Ed-Dahab-Lagouira is the southern region of Morocco being located  in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. The capital is the city of Dakhla. 


Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra is located partly in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. The capital of this region is El Aaiún.





Guelmim-Es Semara has Guelimn as it's capital. Has of it's southern part is located in the teritory of Western Sahara.  





Souss-Massa-Draâ is located in the central part of Morocco.It has a population of over 3 mil people. Souss-Massa-Draâ's capital is called Agadir, a city situated on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean.  



Gharb-Chrarda-Béni Hssen is a north-western region of Morocco with the capital at Kenitra.In ancient times this region was an element of Mauretania Tingitana, which was ruled in early times by the Phoenicians and later the Romans.



Chaouia-Ouardigha is like the region Gharb-Chrarda-Béni Hssen situated in the north-western part of Morocco and it's capital is called Settat.


Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz represents the region of Morocco which capital is the popular city Marrakech. It is situated in the central part of the country.



Orientallocated in north-eastern Morocco, this region borders Algeria and the Spanish enclave of Melilla. The capital is Oujda.



Grand Casablanca situated in coastal north western Morocco it is the most densely populated region of Morocco. It's capital, Casablanca is the economic capital of Morocco. 



Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer is located in north-western Morocco. The capital is Rabat.



Doukkala-Abda is situated in west-central Morocco.  The capital is Safi.





Tadla-Azilal is located in central Morocco. The capital is Beni Mellal.







Meknès-Tafilalet is situated in north-central Morocco, bordering Algeria. The capital is Meknès.





Fès-Boulemane is situated in northern Morocco.  The capital is Fès.




Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate  is located in northern Morocco.The capital is Al Hoceima.






Tangier-Tetouan  is situated in north-western Morocco. The capital is Tangier.

Traditional Moroccan Clothing

The classic Moroccan garment is called "djellaba", a long and loose hooded gown which Moroccans  wear it over their normal clothing. It covers the entire body except for the head, the hands and the feet and it comes in different colors, styles and fabrics depending on the season. During summer a cotton or rayon djellaba is preferred, while during winter a wool one.


The djellaba is worn traditionally both by men and women, but the women's djellaba differs in style as it has brighter colors and decorative embroidery. 

Men's djellabas



Women's djellabas



An important characteristic of the Moroccan djellaba is the hood, a long and pointy hood called in arabic "cob". 

Another traditional garment worn this time only by women is the kaftan. It looks like the djellaba, but it doens't have the hood. The kaftan can be simple for day to day and it can also come in a more elegant and sofisticated style worn by women on weddings or celebrations. It is also the bride's garment on her wedding day. 
The kaftan is usually worn with an exterior garment called "Dfina" and a belt called "Hezam"


Moroccan Shoes

The traditional Moroccan shoes are called "Babouche" and they are made out of leather. These slippers can be worn both inside and outside. They come in different colors and patterns. Men and women alike wear them, but the women's babouche are sometimes decorated with sequins.Take your pick, which one would you like? 



                                                                                                                                                                  
   

The Moroccan Tajine




One of the most well known symbols for Morocco is the tajine, an orange clayed pot with steaming hot meat and vegetables. The word refers to both the vessel and also the food prepared in it. 


It consists of two parts, a circular base with low sides and a large conical cover, shaped as a dome, which rests inside the base during cooking.

This type of dish is slow-cooked at low temperatures, the meat being tender and aromatic.





Moroccan tajines combine chicken, lamb, beef or fish with several vegetables and seasonings: dates, nuts, olives, preserved lemons (a staple in Moroccan cuisine) apricots, cumin, paprika, pepper, saffron etc. 

There are different types of tagine, depending on the region.